Social & Religious Reform Movement****
1.Atmiya Sabha(1815) —Rammohan Roy--Kolkata.
2)Bramho Sabha(1828)--Rammohan Roy--Kolkata.
3)Dharma Sabha(1830)--Radhakanta Dev--Kolkata.
4)Tatwabodhini Sabha(1839)--Debendranath Tagore--Kolkata.
5)Nirankarish Sabha(1840)--Dayal Das,Ratan Singh--Punjab.
6)Manab Dharma Sabha(1844)--Durgaram Mancharam--Surat.
7)Paramhanso Mandalli(1849)--Dadoba Pandurang & Bal Shastri Jambhekar--Bombay.
8)Namdharis Sabha(1857)--Ram Singh--Punjab.
9)Bharatya Brambha Samaj(1866)--Keshav Chandra Sen--Kolkata.
10)Parthana Samaj(1867)--Atmaram Pandurang--Bombay.
11)Arya Samaj(1875)--Dayanand Swarasatti--Mumbai.
12)Adhyatik Gayan Sabha(Theosofical society)--1875--Blavataski,Cornel H.S.Olkot--Newyork.
14)Sadharan Bramho Samaj(1878)--Shivnath Shastri & Ananda Mohan Bose--Kolkata.
15)Decan Education Society(1884)--G.G.Agarkar,M.G.Ranade —Pune.
16)Dev Samaj(1887)--Shiv Narayan Agnihotri--Lahore.
17)Ramkrishna Mission(1897)--Swami Vivekanada--Belur.
18)Servents of India Society(1905)G.K.Gokhle--Bombay.
19)Puna Seva Sadan(1909)--Smt.Ramabai Ranadey & G.K.Devadhar.--Pune.
20)Social Service legue(1911)--N.M.Joshi& Narayan Malhar--Bombay.
21)Seva Samiti(1914)--H.N.Kunjoru--Allahabad.
22)Scientific Socity(1864)--Sayed Ahamed Khan.
23)Hindu Mahasabha(1915)--Madan Mahan Malabya.
24)Naba. bidhan Bramho Samaj(1880)--Keshev Chandra sen —Kolkata.
25)Bahiskriti Hitokarini Sabha(1929)--B.R.Ambedkar.--Bombay.
26)Harijan Sevak Sangha (1932)--Mahtma Gandhi--Pune.
The Shadow Economy in India: Uncovering the Unseen Engines of Growth and Inequality
The Shadow Economy in India: Uncovering the Unseen Engines of Growth and Inequality Introduction The Indian economy is often visualised through skyscrapers, software parks, and booming stock indices. Yet beneath this glittering formal layer lies a far larger, messier, and more complex world—the shadow economy. Also known as the informal, unorganised, or underground economy, it is where most Indians work, earn, and survive. Despite contributing an estimated 40% to India's GDP and employing nearly 90% of its workforce, the shadow economy remains mostly undocumented, unregulated, and untaxed. This article seeks to unveil the hidden mechanics, challenges, and paradoxes of India’s shadow economy. From its roots in colonial land systems to the modern-day gig platforms, from rural construction sites to urban street corners, we explore how informality has become both a lifeline for survival and a barrier to inclusive growth. What is the Shadow Economy? The shadow economy includ...
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