Basic facts about the Earth
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Facts to remember
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●Equatorial circumference of the earth is 40,067 km and equatorial diameter is 12,757 km
●Polar circumferenceof the earth is 40,000 km polar diameter is 12,714 km
●The total surface area of the earth is 510,100,500 sq km
●The Hydrosphere (sea) comprises 70.8% of the surface area and Lithosphere (land) is 29.2%
●The period of rotation of the earth is 23 hrs 56 mts 4.091 secs
●The speed of rotation at the equator is 1674 kmph
●The time taken by the earth to rotate about its axis so that the distant stars appear in the same position in the sky is known as Sidereal Day.
●The time taken by the earth to rotate about its axis so that the sun appears in the same position in the sky is known as Solar Day. A sidereal day is shorter than a solar day.
●The escape velocity on earth 11.186 km/sec
The highest point on earth is Mt Everest at 8,848 meters
●The deepest point on earth is Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean at 11,034 meters..
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Important Latitudes and Longitudes
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Latitude/Longitude Position
Prime Meridian 0° longitude
International Date Line 180° E/W longitude
Tropic of Cancer 23° 26' N
Tropic of Capricon 23° 26' S
Arctic Circle 66° 33' N
Antartic Circle 66° 33' S
Indian Standard Time 82.5° longitude
The Shadow Economy in India: Uncovering the Unseen Engines of Growth and Inequality
The Shadow Economy in India: Uncovering the Unseen Engines of Growth and Inequality Introduction The Indian economy is often visualised through skyscrapers, software parks, and booming stock indices. Yet beneath this glittering formal layer lies a far larger, messier, and more complex world—the shadow economy. Also known as the informal, unorganised, or underground economy, it is where most Indians work, earn, and survive. Despite contributing an estimated 40% to India's GDP and employing nearly 90% of its workforce, the shadow economy remains mostly undocumented, unregulated, and untaxed. This article seeks to unveil the hidden mechanics, challenges, and paradoxes of India’s shadow economy. From its roots in colonial land systems to the modern-day gig platforms, from rural construction sites to urban street corners, we explore how informality has become both a lifeline for survival and a barrier to inclusive growth. What is the Shadow Economy? The shadow economy includ...
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